Respons Hukum Islam Terhadap Banjir Bandang Aceh dan Sumatera: Analisis Tarjih Muhammadiyah, Bahtsul Masail NU, dan Fatwa MUI

Abstract

This article examines the Islamic legal response to the recurring phenomenon of flash floods in Aceh and Sumatra by comparing the views of Tarjih Muhammadiyah, Bahtsul Masail Nahdlatul Ulama, and the Indonesian Ulema Council's Fatwa. Flash floods are understood not merely as natural events, but as ecological-social crises with legal, ethical, and public policy implications. This study uses a qualitative-normative approach, with doctrinal, comparative, and contextual analyses of the official documents of the three religious institutions, as well as empirical data on disasters in Aceh and Sumatra. The results of the study show that although they differ methodologically (Muhammadiyah with a maqāṣid approach based on scientific data, NU with social fiqh and contextual maslahat, and MUI with ijtihad jama‘i and national maslahat), all three have strong common ground on the principles of protection of life, ecological responsibility, and collective obligations in mitigation and post-disaster recovery. This article affirms that contemporary Islamic law has the epistemological flexibility to respond to ecological crises in an integrative manner and has the potential to become a transformative normative framework in disaster management based on environmental justice and public interest.