Gerakan Wahabi: Analisis Historis dan Teologis dalam Konteks Keislaman Indonesia

Abstract

This study comprehensively reviews Wahhabi theology by tracing its history, teachings, and spread, particularly in Indonesia. The Wahhabi movement originated from the ideas of Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab (1703–1792 AD) in Najd, Saudi Arabia, who promoted the purification of tawhid and the rejection of religious practices considered bid'ah, khurafat, and shirk. With the political support of the Saud family, this movement developed into the official ideology of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and then spread to various countries, including Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative method based on literature review, with a historical and theological approach. The results show that Wahhabism has two main sides: first, a positive side that fosters awareness among the people to purify the teachings of tawhid; and second, a negative side in the form of exclusivism and takfiri tendencies that have the potential to disrupt socio-religious harmony. In Indonesia, the spread of this ideology is facilitated by Saudi Arabian educational and da'wah networks such as LIPIA and DDII. This study emphasises the need for a critical and contextual approach to the Wahhabi movement in order to prevent intra-religious conflict, as well as encouraging the strengthening of moderate Islam as the guardian of diversity and national unity.